![]() We can’t possibly follow every detail of the motions of all these particles, nor would we want to if we could. Anything big enough to see with our eyes (or even with a conventional microscope) has enough particles in it to qualify as a subject of thermal physics.Ĭonsider a chunk of metal, containing perhaps 1023 ions and 1023 conduction electrons. Examples include the air in a balloon, the water in a lake, the electrons in a chunk of metal, and the photons (electromagnetic wave packets) given off by the sun. Thermal physics deals with collections of large numbers of particles—typically 1023 or so.
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